1st column: Name of Head of Household. This is usually the husband. If a woman is listed as head of household, she was usually a widow, or a single mother, or a single person raising younger siblings.
2nd column: Number of Free White Males under 10. (i.e. age 0-9, or born ca 1800-1810)
3rd column: Number of Free White Males 10 and up but under 16. (i.e. age 10-15, or born ca 1794-1800)
4th column: Number of Free White Males 16 and up but under 26. (i.e. age 16-25, or born ca 1784-1794)
5 th column: Number of Free White Males 26 and up but under 45. (i.e. age 26-44, or born ca 1765-1784)
6th column: Number of Free White Males 45 and upwards. (i.e. age 45 and older, or born prior to 1765)
7th column: Number of Free White Females under 10. (i.e. age 0-9, or born ca 1800-1810)
8th column: Number of Free White Females 10 and up but under 16. (i.e. age 10-15, or born ca 1794-1800)
9th column:. Number of Free White Females 16 and up but under 26. (i.e. age 16-25, or born ca 1784-1794)
10th column: Number of Free White Females 26 and up but under 45. (i.e. age 26-44, or born ca 1765-1784)
11th column: Number of Free White Females 45 and upwards. (i.e. age 45 and older, or born prior to 1765)
12th column: Number of Free Colored Persons. Non "White" persons (other than slaves) were lumped together in this column with no age or sex distinction. These persons were not considered "White" (in the census takers opinion, anyway). See my pages on Race Codes for more about these "Free Persons of Color". Normally, these are not Indians (Native Americans), as they were not supposed to be listed at all on the census. However, they could be those of mixed Indian heritage.
13th column: Number of Slaves. All slaves were lumped together into this one column with no age or sex distinction